Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Bosporus shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Bosporus offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Bosporus at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Bosporus? Wrong! If the Bosporus is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Bosporus then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Bosporus? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Bosporus and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Bosporus wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Bosporus then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Bosporus site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Bosporus, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Bosporus, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
as seen from RumelihisarıThe
Bosporus or
Bosphorus, also known as the
Istanbul Strait, (Turkish language:
İstanbul Boğazı) (Greek language:
Βόσπορος) is a strait that forms the boundary between the
European part (Rumelia) of Turkey and its Asian part (
Anatolia). The world's narrowest strait used for
International waterway, it connects the
Black Sea with the
Sea of Marmara (which is connected by the Dardanelles to the
Aegean Sea, and thereby to the Mediterranean Sea). It is approximately 30 kilometre long, with a maximum width of 3,700 metres at the northern entrance, and a minimum width of 700 metres between Kandilli and Aşiyan; and 750 metres between Anadoluhisarı and Rumelihisarı. The depth varies from 36 to 124 metres in midstream.
The shores of the strait are heavily populated as the city of
Istanbul (with a metropolitan area in excess of 11 million inhabitants) straddles it.
Two Bridge cross the Bosporus. The first, the Bosphorus Bridge, is 1074 metres long and was completed in 1973. The second, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is 1090 metres long, and was completed in 1988 about five kilometres north of the first bridge. A third road bridge is also being planned for one of seven locations designated by the Turkish Government. The location is being kept secret to avoid an early explosion in land prices.
Another crossing, Marmaray, is a 13.7 kilometre-long
Rail transport tunnel currently under construction and expected to be completed in
2008. Approximately 1,400 metres of the tunnel will run under the strait, at a depth of about 55 metres.
Associations
neighbourhood from the hills of the Bosporus) stretch along the coasts of the Bosporus, such as the "yalı" of
Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (Mehmed Emin Pasha the Turkish Cypriots)s in
Arnavutköy on the Bosporus
The name comes from the Greek language word
Bosporos (
Βόσπορος).Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. Its etymology is from
bous (:
ox)Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. and
poros (:
passage, strait),Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. thus meaning "
oxen passage", which could reflect the older history of the region. The Greeks wrongly analysed it as
"Ford (crossing)" or
"shallow sea ox passage" http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320416 at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940, A Greek-English Lexicon. and associated it with the [Greek mythology of
Io (mythology) travels after Zeus turned her into an
ox for her protection.Aeschylus,
Prometheus Bound, 733. It has also been thought to be a Thracian form of
Phôsphoros (
Φωσφόρος), 'light-bearing', an epithet of the goddess
Hecate.
It is also said in myth that floating rocks known as the Symplegades or Clashing Rocks once crushed any ship that attempted passage of the Bosporus until the hero Jason obtained passage, whereupon the rocks became fixed, and Greek access to the Black Sea was opened.
Formation of the Bosporus
on the Bosporus
The exact cause for the formation of the Bosporus remains the subject of vigorous debate among geologists. Thousands of years ago, the
Black Sea became disconnected from the Aegean Sea. One recent theory (published in 1997 by
William Ryan (geologist) and Walter Pitman from Columbia University) contends that the Bosporus was formed about 5600 BCE when the rising waters of the Mediterranean/
Sea of Marmara breached through to the Black Sea, which at the time (according to the theory) was a low-lying body of fresh water.
Some have argued that the resulting massive flooding of the inhabited and probably farmed northern shores of the Black Sea is thought to be the historic basis for the Deluge (mythology) found in the
Epic of Gilgamesh and in the
Bible in
Genesis, Chapters 6-9. On the other hand, there is also evidence for a flood of water going in the opposite direction, from the Black Sea into the Sea of Marmara around 7000 or 8000 BCE.
Ancient Greece, Rome, the Byzantines and the Ottoman Empire
) and Asia (
Anadoluhisarı)". 19th century engraving by
Thomas Allom.
St. Jerome's Vulgate translates the Hebrew
besepharad in Obadiah, 1-20 as "Bosforus",Obadiah, 1-20: but other translations give it as "
Sepharad" (probably Sardis, but later identified with Spain).
As the narrowest point of passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Bosporus has always been of great commercial and strategic importance. The Greek city-state of Athens in the
5th century BC, which was dependent on grain imports from Scythia, therefore maintained critical alliances with cities which controlled the straits, such as the
Megara colony
Byzantium.
The strategic significance of the strait was one of the factors in the decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine I the Great to found there in 330 AD his new capital,
Constantinople, which came to be known as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. On May 29, 1453 it was conquered by the emerging Ottoman Empire. In fact, as the Ottoman Turks closed in on Constantinople, they constructed a fortification on each side of the strait,
Anadoluhisarı (
1393) and Rumelihisarı (1451). They later renamed the city Istanbul.
Strategic importance
The strategic importance of the Bosporus remains high, and control over it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the
Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, as well as of the attack of the
Allies of World War I on the
Dardanelles in
1915 in the course of the
First World War. Several international treaties have governed vessels using the waters, including the
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits, signed in 1936. In the conferences during World War II, Soviet leader Josef Stalin openly requested the concession of Soviet military bases on the Turkish Straits, even though Turkey was not involved in the war. This incident, coupled with Stalin's demands for the restitution of the Turkish provinces of
Kars, Artvin and
Ardahan to the Soviet Union (which were lost by Turkey with the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) but were regained with the
Treaty of Kars in 1921) was one of the main reasons why Turkey decided to give up its principle of neutrality in foreign affairs and join NATO in 1952. Foreign Policy Research Institute: The Turkish Factor in the Geopolitics of the Post-Soviet Space (Igor Torbakov) Robert Cutler: Turkish-Soviet Relations Answers.com: Russia's relations with Turkey Today's Zaman: Against who and where are we going to stand? (Ali Bulaç) In more recent years, the Turkish Straits have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as
Novorossyisk, is exported by tankers to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles straits.
Sightseeing
The cheapest way to experience Bosphorus in Istanbul would be to take one of the public ferries that travel between the Anatolian and Rumelian sides of the city. They depart every 45 minutes, and cost 1.3
YTL (about 0.80 Euros). There are also faster ferries that take off every 10 minutes, but the slower ones will give you more opportunity to see the city.One can also take a ride on a variety of tourist ships, from modern ones to Ottoman style ones.
See also
Notes
- And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall possess that of the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath; and the captivity of Jerusalem, which is in 'Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the south. (KJV)
- And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel, all the places of the Chanaanites even to Sarepta: and the captivity of Jerusalem that is in Bosphorus, shall possess the cities of the south. (Douay-Rheims)
- et transmigratio exercitus huius filiorum Israhel omnia Chananeorum usque ad Saraptham et transmigratio Hierusalem quae in Bosforo est possidebit civitates austri. (Vulgate)
External links
- Google Maps link to Bosphorus
as seen from RumelihisarıThe
Bosporus or
Bosphorus, also known as the
Istanbul Strait, (
Turkish language:
İstanbul Boğazı) (
Greek language:
Βόσπορος) is a
strait that forms the boundary between the European part (
Rumelia) of
Turkey and its Asian part (Anatolia). The world's narrowest strait used for International waterway, it connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara (which is connected by the Dardanelles to the
Aegean Sea, and thereby to the
Mediterranean Sea). It is approximately 30 kilometre long, with a maximum width of 3,700 metres at the northern entrance, and a minimum width of 700 metres between Kandilli and Aşiyan; and 750 metres between Anadoluhisarı and Rumelihisarı. The depth varies from 36 to 124 metres in midstream.
The shores of the strait are heavily populated as the city of
Istanbul (with a metropolitan area in excess of 11 million inhabitants) straddles it.
Two
Bridge cross the Bosporus. The first, the
Bosphorus Bridge, is 1074 metres long and was completed in
1973. The second,
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is 1090 metres long, and was completed in
1988 about five kilometres north of the first bridge. A third road bridge is also being planned for one of seven locations designated by the Turkish Government. The location is being kept secret to avoid an early explosion in land prices.
Another crossing, Marmaray, is a 13.7 kilometre-long Rail transport tunnel currently under construction and expected to be completed in
2008. Approximately 1,400 metres of the tunnel will run under the strait, at a depth of about 55 metres.
Associations
neighbourhood from the hills of the Bosporus) stretch along the coasts of the Bosporus, such as the "yalı" of Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (Mehmed Emin Pasha the
Turkish Cypriots)s in Arnavutköy on the Bosporus
The name comes from the Greek language word
Bosporos (
Βόσπορος).Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. Its etymology is from
bous (:
ox)Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. and
poros (:
passage, strait),Entry:
at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940,
A Greek-English Lexicon. thus meaning "
oxen passage", which could reflect the older history of the region. The Greeks wrongly analysed it as
"Ford (crossing)" or
"shallow sea ox passage" http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320416 at Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1940, A Greek-English Lexicon. and associated it with the [Greek mythology of Io (mythology) travels after Zeus turned her into an
ox for her protection.Aeschylus,
Prometheus Bound, 733. It has also been thought to be a Thracian form of
Phôsphoros (
Φωσφόρος), 'light-bearing', an epithet of the goddess
Hecate.
It is also said in myth that floating rocks known as the
Symplegades or Clashing Rocks once crushed any ship that attempted passage of the Bosporus until the hero
Jason obtained passage, whereupon the rocks became fixed, and Greek access to the Black Sea was opened.
Formation of the Bosporus
on the Bosporus
The exact cause for the formation of the Bosporus remains the subject of vigorous debate among geologists. Thousands of years ago, the Black Sea became disconnected from the Aegean Sea. One recent theory (published in 1997 by William Ryan (geologist) and Walter Pitman from Columbia University) contends that the Bosporus was formed about 5600 BCE when the rising waters of the Mediterranean/Sea of Marmara breached through to the
Black Sea, which at the time (according to the theory) was a low-lying body of fresh water.
Some have argued that the resulting massive flooding of the inhabited and probably farmed northern shores of the Black Sea is thought to be the historic basis for the Deluge (mythology) found in the
Epic of Gilgamesh and in the
Bible in Genesis, Chapters 6-9. On the other hand, there is also evidence for a flood of water going in the opposite direction, from the Black Sea into the Sea of Marmara around 7000 or 8000 BCE.
Ancient Greece, Rome, the Byzantines and the Ottoman Empire
) and Asia (Anadoluhisarı)". 19th century engraving by Thomas Allom.
St. Jerome's Vulgate translates the Hebrew
besepharad in Obadiah, 1-20 as "Bosforus",Obadiah, 1-20: but other translations give it as "Sepharad" (probably
Sardis, but later identified with Spain).
As the narrowest point of passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Bosporus has always been of great commercial and strategic importance. The Greek city-state of Athens in the
5th century BC, which was dependent on grain imports from Scythia, therefore maintained critical alliances with cities which controlled the straits, such as the
Megara colony Byzantium.
The strategic significance of the strait was one of the factors in the decision of the Roman Emperor
Constantine I the Great to found there in
330 AD his new capital, Constantinople, which came to be known as the capital of the
Eastern Roman Empire. On May 29, 1453 it was conquered by the emerging
Ottoman Empire. In fact, as the Ottoman Turks closed in on Constantinople, they constructed a fortification on each side of the strait,
Anadoluhisarı (1393) and
Rumelihisarı (1451). They later renamed the city
Istanbul.
Strategic importance
The strategic importance of the Bosporus remains high, and control over it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, as well as of the attack of the Allies of World War I on the
Dardanelles in 1915 in the course of the
First World War. Several international treaties have governed vessels using the waters, including the
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits, signed in
1936. In the conferences during
World War II, Soviet leader
Josef Stalin openly requested the concession of Soviet military bases on the
Turkish Straits, even though Turkey was not involved in the war. This incident, coupled with Stalin's demands for the restitution of the Turkish provinces of
Kars, Artvin and Ardahan to the Soviet Union (which were lost by Turkey with the
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) but were regained with the Treaty of Kars in 1921) was one of the main reasons why Turkey decided to give up its principle of neutrality in foreign affairs and join NATO in 1952. Foreign Policy Research Institute: The Turkish Factor in the Geopolitics of the Post-Soviet Space (Igor Torbakov) Robert Cutler: Turkish-Soviet Relations Answers.com: Russia's relations with Turkey Today's Zaman: Against who and where are we going to stand? (Ali Bulaç) In more recent years, the Turkish Straits have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as
Novorossyisk, is exported by tankers to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles straits.
Sightseeing
The cheapest way to experience Bosphorus in Istanbul would be to take one of the public ferries that travel between the Anatolian and Rumelian sides of the city. They depart every 45 minutes, and cost 1.3
YTL (about 0.80 Euros). There are also faster ferries that take off every 10 minutes, but the slower ones will give you more opportunity to see the city.One can also take a ride on a variety of tourist ships, from modern ones to Ottoman style ones.
See also
Notes
- And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall possess that of the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath; and the captivity of Jerusalem, which is in 'Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the south. (KJV)
- And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel, all the places of the Chanaanites even to Sarepta: and the captivity of Jerusalem that is in Bosphorus, shall possess the cities of the south. (Douay-Rheims)
- et transmigratio exercitus huius filiorum Israhel omnia Chananeorum usque ad Saraptham et transmigratio Hierusalem quae in Bosforo est possidebit civitates austri. (Vulgate)
External links
- Google Maps link to Bosphorus
Bosporus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Bosporus or Bosphorus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, (Turkish: İstanbul Boğazı) (Greek: Βόσπορος) is a strait that forms the boundary between the European part ...
Bosporus - definition of Bosporus by the Free Online Dictionary ...
A narrow strait separating European and Asian Turkey and joining the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It has been an important trade route since ancient times.
Bosporus
Strait 27 km/17 mi long, joining the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and forming part of the water division between Europe and Asia; its name may be derived from the Greek legend ...
Bosporus definition of Bosporus in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Bosporus (bŏs`pərəs) [Gr.,=ox ford, in reference to the story of Io], Turk. Boğaziçi, strait, c.20 mi (30 km) long and c.2,100 ft (640 m) wide at its narrowest, separating ...
Bosporus - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Bosporus
Bosporus. Strait 27 km/17 mi long, joining the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and forming part of the water division between Europe and Asia; its name may be derived from the ...
Bosporus kingdom - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Bosporus ...
Ancient state on the northern Black Sea coast, formed by a number of Greek colonies about 480 BC. It was under a Roman protectorate after the defeat Mithridates VI, King of Pontus ...
Bosporus Straits, Turkey - Encyclopedia of Earth
The metropolis of Istanbul occupies both sides of the entrance to the narrow, 20-mile long Bosporus Strait connecting the Mediterranean and Sea of Marmara (south) to the Black ...
welcome to the BOSPORUS International Site
Website of Bosporus Association Romania
young people, exchange programs, Europe, future, cultures, aims, promote ... We hope this site will provide you an accurate view and will help to formulate a clear opinion about ...
Bosporus -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Bosporus:Ferryboats on the Bosporus.Kerim Okten—EPA/© 2006 European Communitystrait (boğaz, “throat”) uniting the Black Sea and ...
